Herpetic Gingivostomatitis: Managing Mouth Sores in Kids

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If your child has painful mouth sores, they may be dealing with herpetic gingivostomatitis—a common oral infection in children. 

It is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and can lead to severe discomfort and difficulty eating or drinking.

In this blog, we will explain what herpetic gingivostomatitis is, its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

What Is Herpetic Gingivostomatitis in Kids?

Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an oral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) that affects the mouth and gums in children.

This viral infection leads to painful vesicular lesions that can make eating, drinking, and talking difficult for your child. It is most common in children under five years old but can occur at any age.

Symptoms of Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

Recognizing the symptoms early can help you seek prompt treatment for your child.

Symptoms usually appear 1–2 days after the initial infection and can include:

• Painful mouth sores or vesicular lesions on the gums, tongue, or lips
• Swollen, red gums (gingivitis)
• Fever, often before sores appear
• Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
• Bad breath
• Irritability and crying due to discomfort
• Refusal to eat or drink due to severe pain

Causes and Transmission

HSV-1 is transmitted through direct contact with infected oral secretions or active lesions. Children often catch the virus through casual interactions like sharing utensils or playing with other kids who have the virus.

Once infected, the herpes virus travels to the trigeminal ganglion, where it can remain dormant before reactivating later in life, sometimes causing cold sores.

Treatment and Management

While there is no cure for herpes simplex infections, symptoms can be managed with a combination of antiviral medications and supportive care. Here are some practical tips:

1. Keep your child hydrated: Encourage plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, especially if your child is refusing to eat solid foods.
2. Manage pain: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen can help reduce discomfort and fever. Always follow the recommended dosage. 
3. Apply petroleum jelly: Using petroleum jelly on the lips and around the mouth can soothe the skin and prevent cracking from dry lips.
4. Maintain good oral hygiene: Even with sores, it is important to keep your child’s mouth clean. Use a soft toothbrush and avoid toothpaste with harsh ingredients.
5. Use antiviral medications: If prescribed by a health care provider, antiviral medications can shorten the duration of the infection.
6. Avoid acidic or spicy foods: These can irritate the sores and cause further pain.

Prevention Tips

Preventing dental problems in children is challenging but possible with some proactive measures.

Here are a few ways to reduce the risk:

• Avoid sharing utensils, cups, or other personal items with anyone who has active lesions or cold sores.
• Teach your child to wash their hands regularly, especially before touching their mouth or face.
• Keep your child away from others who have active lesions or signs of an oral infection.

When to See a Pediatric Dentist

If you suspect your child has herpetic gingivostomatitis, it is essential to monitor their symptoms closely.

Seek medical advice or schedule an appointment with a pediatric dentist if:

• Your child has difficulty drinking or shows signs of dehydration.
• The sores are not healing after a week or two.
• Your child experiences severe pain that over-the-counter pain relievers cannot manage.
• There are signs of secondary bacterial infection, such as increased redness, pus, or fever.
• Your child has other medical conditions or is immunocompromised, as this can make the infection more severe.

Big Apple Pediatric Dentistry: Your Kids Dentist in Phoenix AZ

Herpetic gingivostomatitis is a painful yet manageable mouth disease in children.

Early treatment with antiviral medications, plenty of fluids, and proper oral hygiene will help your child feel better and avoid complications of infection. To book an appointment at our pediatric dental office, call (602) 935-7427 or complete the online inquiry form! We accept ACCCHS/Medicaid and work with many insurance providers.